Abstract: In this paper, an improved AEA algorithm, EAEA, is proposed, in which the estimation of distribution algorithm and elite reservation are integrated to generate a comparison population for iteration procedure so as to escape from local optimum and avoid prematurity effectively. It is shown from experimental results on 22 test functions that the EAEA can attain better search ability than some existing algorithms. Finally, the EAEA is also used in the parameter estimation of the kinetic models of fermentation.