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    终端一致性约束的 Informed RRT*-MPC 协同导航方法

    Terminal-Consistency-Constrained Informed RRT*-MPC Cooperative Navigation Method*

    • 摘要: 针对启发式快速探索随机树星算法(Informed Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star,Informed RRT*)与模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control,MPC)分层导航结构中路径规划与轨迹控制目标衔接不足所引起的参考路径可跟踪性下降、动态避障易过度绕行及终端收敛性能不足等问题,提出一种基于终端一致性约束的 Informed RRT*-MPC 协同导航方法。该方法在全局规划层引入终端一致性约束,以提高参考路径的终端收敛特性与控制适配能力;在局部控制层构建包含终端一致性代价项和动态避障权重调节机制的 MPC 优化模型,实现了终端意图在路径规划与轨迹控制之间的协同传递。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法在保证避障安全与终端收敛的前提下,能够有效降低路径绕行程度与通行时间,提高轨迹跟踪的平滑性、稳定性及整体导航效率。

       

      Abstract: To address the weak terminal coordination in the hierarchical navigation framework combining Informed Rapidly-exploring Random Tree Star (Informed RRT*) and Model Predictive Control (MPC), this paper proposes a terminal-consistency-constrained Informed RRT*-MPC cooperative navigation method. A reference path generated by the global planner may be geometrically feasible but not sufficiently consistent with the terminal state required by the local controller, which can reduce trackability, increase unnecessary detours during dynamic obstacle avoidance, and weaken terminal convergence. In the global planning layer, a terminal deviation term is introduced into the node cost of the sampling-based planner and is further embedded in node extension, parent selection, and local rewiring. Thus, the generated reference path considers not only path length but also the convergence tendency toward the desired terminal pose. The discrete path is then smoothed and converted into a reference state sequence for local control. In the local control layer, a model predictive control optimization model is constructed with trajectory tracking, control effort, control increment, terminal consistency, and dynamic obstacle penalty terms. A goal-distance-based dynamic obstacle weight is also designed by combining the distance to the target and the predicted obstacle proximity, so that obstacle avoidance and terminal convergence can be balanced during receding-horizon optimization. Simulation experiments were conducted in a grid environment containing static obstacles and local dynamic obstacle regions. Compared with the baseline method using standard Informed RRT* and basic MPC, the proposed method reduced the path length by 5.4%, total travel time by 44.9%, curvature energy by 53.9%, and detour ratio by 5.7%. The results show that the proposed method improves path trackability, trajectory smoothness, terminal convergence, and overall navigation efficiency while maintaining obstacle-avoidance safety.

       

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