Abstract: Natural graphite, characterized by its wide availability, low cost, relatively high specific capacity, and stable intercalation/deintercalation potential, is the primary anode material for commercial lithium-ion batteries. However, its intrinsic surface defects and poor compatibility with organic electrolytes often lead to significant degradation in reversible specific capacity, primarily due to solvent co-intercalation and consequent graphite layer exfoliation, resulting in unsatisfactory Coulombic efficiency and cycling performance. Surface modification represents an effective strategy to address these limitations. Pitch, an important by-product of the petroleum refining industry, is widely utilized as a coating material for graphite modification. Upon high-temperature cracking in an inert atmosphere, the pitch coating seals surface defects and forms an amorphous carbon shell on the graphite surface. This resulting core-shell structure effectively enhances the reversible specific capacity and cycling stability of graphite. In this study, high-softening-point pitch was synthesized from fluid catalytic cracking oil slurry via air purging under a nitrogen atmosphere followed by thermal polycondensation. This pitch was then employed as a coating agent to modify natural graphite through a liquid-phase coating process. Results indicate that a 10%（mass fraction） pitch coating forms a complete layer on the natural graphite surface, reducing its specific surface area and thereby improving both cycling and rate performance. The coated graphite exhibits a significantly enhanced capacity retention rate of 88.53% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, compared to 69.01% for the pristine material, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance.