Abstract: In order to solve the issues of large overshoot and low accuracy in the control process of pneumatic control valves, the paper proposes a Smith Fuzzy PID algorithm based on BP neural network. Firstly, the BP neural network is used to tune the optimal PID control parameters, and then the Smith predictive controller and fuzzy controller are designed. Secondly, the Smith Fuzzy PID control method based on the BP neural network is implemented. Subsequently, the paper establishes an experimental platform is established to verify the control method through step response experiments. The verification results indicate that the proposed method has no overshoot during the adjustment process, with an adjustment time of only 1.9 s and a positioning accuracy of within ± 0.5%, effectively improving the stability of the system and achieving rapid and precise positioning of the pneumatic control valve.