Effect of Different Carbon Sources on Microbial Denitrification Performance
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摘要: 采用序批式反应器，研究了甲醇、乙酸钠、乙二醇、丙三醇和葡萄糖五种碳源对不同电子受体反硝化性能的影响。结果表明以NO3−−N及NO2−−N为电子受体时，甲醇、乙酸钠、乙二醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖的最佳碳氮比分别为5、5、7、7、8与3、3、3.5、4、4，比反硝化速率从快到慢依次是乙酸钠、甲醇、乙二醇、丙三醇、葡萄糖与甲醇、乙酸钠、乙二醇、葡萄糖、丙三醇。经成本计算可得，处理相同浓度的NO3−−N和NO2−−N，需要投加的碳源成本从低到高依次为甲醇、葡萄糖、乙酸钠、乙二醇、丙三醇和甲醇、葡萄糖、乙二醇、乙酸钠、丙三醇。本文为低碳氮比废水处理过程提供碳源优选参考。Abstract: In this study, five carbon sources, including methanol, sodium acetate, glycol, glycerol, and glucose were used to investigate the denitrification performance of different electron acceptors in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The results showed that the removal ratios and specific denitrification rates of different carbon sources all showed upward trends with the increased C/N ratios. The optimal carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) of five carbon resources for NO3−−N and NO2−−N were 5, 5, 7, 7, and 8, and 3, 3, 3.5, 4, and 4, respectively. Under the optimal C/N ratio, the specific denitrification rates decreased with the sequence of sodium acetate, methanol, glycol, glycerol and glucose for NO3−−N electron acceptor, and methanol, sodium acetate, glycol, glucose and glycerol for NO2−−N electron acceptor. After calculation, the cost for treating the same concentrations of NO3−−N increased with the sequence of methanol, glucose, sodium acetate, glycol, and glycerol; while the cost for treating the same concentrations of NO2−−N increased with the sequence of methanol, glucose, glycol, sodium acetate, and glycerol. Compared to NO3−−N, NO2−−N saved 40%-50% carbon sources cost at the same concentration. Glucose was recommended as the external carbon source with low ammonia nitrogen loading rates, and sodium acetate was recommended with high ammonia nitrogen loading rates, while glycol could be served as the substitute for sodium acetate.
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Key words:
- denitrification /
- carbon source /
- carbon to nitrogen ratio /
- specific denitrification rate /
- NO3−−N /
- NO2−−N
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图 1 不同碳氮比甲醇在稳定周期内对氮素的去除效果
Figure 1. Effect of methanol on nitrogen removal at different C/N ratio in stable period
(a: NO3−−N removal embedded TN removal in the NO3−−N influent system; b: NO2−−N removal in the NO2−−N influent system)
图 2 不同碳氮比乙酸钠在稳定周期内对氮素的去除效果
Figure 2. Effect of sodium acetate on nitrogen removal at different C/N ratio in stable period
(a: NO3−−N removal embedded TN removal in the NO3−−N influent system; b: NO2−−N removal in the NO2−−N influent system)
图 3 不同碳氮比乙二醇在稳定周期内对氮素的去除效果
Figure 3. Effect of glycol on nitrogen removal at different C/N ratio in stable period
(a: NO3−−N removal embedded TN removal in the NO3−−N influent system; b: NO2−−N removal in the NO2−−N influent system)
图 4 不同碳氮比丙三醇在稳定周期内对氮素的去除效果
Figure 4. Effect of glycerol on nitrogen removal at different C/N ratio in stable period
(a: NO3−−N removal embedded TN removal in the NO3−−N influent system; b: NO2−−N removal in the NO2−−N influent system)
图 5 不同碳氮比葡萄糖在稳定周期内对氮素的去除效果
Figure 5. Effect of glucose on nitrogen removal at different C/N ratio in stable period
(a: NO3−−N removal embedded TN removal in the NO3−−N influent system; b: NO2−−N removal in the NO2−−N influent system)
表 1 反应器运行各阶段电子受体及C/N
Table 1. Electron acceptors and C/N ratios at each stage of operation in five reactors
Phase
（d）Electron acceptors C/N Methanol Sodium
acetateGlycol Glycerol Glucose Ⅰ（0−13） NO3−−N 3 3 3 3 3 Ⅱ（14−18） 4 4 4 4 4 Ⅲ（19−23） 5 5 5 5 5 Ⅳ（24−27） 6 6 6 6 6 Ⅴ（28−32） 7 7 7 7 7 Ⅵ（33−38） 7 7 7 7 8 Ⅶ（40−47） NO2−−N 2 2 2 2 2 Ⅷ（48−53） 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Ⅸ（54−58） 3 3 3 3 3 Ⅹ（59−63） 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 Ⅺ（64−68） / / / 4 4 
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表 2 不同碳源条件下反硝化理论碳氮比
Table 2. Theoretical C/N ratio of denitrification under different carbon sources
Carbon source Chemical reaction equation of denitrification Molar ratio
（carbon/nitrogen）Theoretical COD of
carbon sourceTheoretical C/N ratio Methanol ${\rm{5C{H_3}OH + 6NO_3^ - + 6{H^ + } \to 3{N_2} + 5C{O_2} + 13{H_2}O}}$ 0.84 48 2.86 Sodium acetate ${\rm{ 5C{H_3}COOH + 8NO_3^ - + 8{H^ + } \to 4{N_2} + 10C{O_2} + 14{H_2}O}}$ 0.63 64 2.86 Glycol ${\rm{{ {C} _2}{H_6}{O_2} + 2NO_3^ - + 2{H^ + } \to {N_2} + 2C{O_2} + 4{H_2}O}}$ 0.50 80 2.86 Glycerol ${\rm{5{C_3}{H_8}{O_3} + 14NO_3^ - + 14{H^ + } \to 7{N_2} + 15C{O_2} + 27{H_2}O}}$ 0.36 112 2.86 Glucose ${\rm{5{C_6}{H_{12} }{O_6} + 24NO_3^ - + 24{H^ + } \to 12{N_2} + 30C{O_2} + 42{H_2}O}}$ 0.21 192 2.86 Methanol ${\rm{{ {CH} _3}OH + 2NO_2^ - + 2{H^ + } \to {N_2} + C{O_2} + 3{H_2}O }}$ 0.50 48 1.71 Sodium acetate ${\rm{3C{H_3}COOH + 8NO_2^ - + 8{H^ + } \to 4{N_2} + 6C{O_2} + 10{H_2}O}}$ 0.38 64 1.71 Glycol ${\rm{3{C_2}{H_6}{O_2} + 10NO_2^ - + 10{H^ + } \to 5{N_2} + 6C{O_2} + 14{H_2}O}}$ 0.30 80 1.71 Glycerol ${\rm{3{C_3}{H_8}{O_3} + 14NO_2^ - + 14{H^ + } \to 7{N_2} + 9C{O_2} + 19{H_2}O}}$ 0.21 112 1.71 Glucose ${\rm{{ {C} _6}{H_{12} }{O_6} + 8NO_2^ - + 8{H^ + } \to 4{N_2} + 6C{O_2} + 10{H_2}O}}$ 0.16 192 1.71 Note: Molar ratio represents the moles of carbon source for conversion of 1 mole NOX−−N in denitrification process. Theoretical COD of carbon source represents theoretical COD of 1 mole carbon source
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表 3 不同碳源投加量下各SBR反应器内比反硝化速率
Table 3. Specific denitrification rates (SDNR) obtained with 5 different carbon sources
Methanol Sodium acetate Glycol Glycerol Glucose SDNR (mg/(g·h)) NO3−−N C/N=3 5.4 (9.1) 3.6 (7.4) 2.9 (7.3) 1.8 (4.4) 1.5 (3.9) C/N=4 5.5 (11.2) 4.2 (9) 3.5 (7.7) 2.1 (4.1) 1.6 (4.9) C/N=5 6.2 (11.8) 7.7 (9.8) 4.2 (8.5) 2.5 (5.4) 2.0 (5.3) C/N=6 6.6 (12.8) 7.7 (10.7) 4.4 (9) 2.9 (7.4) 2.4 (5.4) C/N=7 6.7 (15.3) 8.2 (11.3) 4.4 (9.2) 4.0 (8.4) 2.8 (6.7) C/N=8 / / / / 3.7 (6.7) NO2−−N C/N=2 4.5 (6.7) 3.2 (5.5) 2.6 (4.2) 2.0 (3.8) 2.3 (3.9) C/N=2.5 5.7 (8.3) 3.9 (6.2) 3.2 (5) 2.9 (5.6) 2.8 (4.4) C/N=3 6.2 (8.7) 5.4 (7.3) 4.2 (5.9) 3.0 (5.8) 3.3 (5.6) C/N=3.5 6.3 (10.5) 7.1 (8.4) 5.1 (6.5) 3.6 (7.1) 3.8 (6.1) C/N=4 / / / 3.7 (7.1) 3.9 (6.1) Note: The datas in bracket are the maximum specific denitrification rates
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表 4 不同碳源在最佳碳氮比下的成本分析表
Table 4. Cost of carbon sources at corresponding optimal C/N ratio for nitrogen removal
Electron acceptor Optimal C/N ratio Mass ratio of carbon source to TN Price converted to100%
purity (yuan/ton)TN (mg/L) Carbon source (mg/L) Cost of carbon source (yuan/m3 water) Methanol NO3−−N 5.0 3.3 2995 50 165 0.50 NO2−−N 3.0 2.0 50 100 0.30 Sodium acetate NO3−−N 5.0 6.4 5200 50 320 1.66 NO2−−N 3.0 3.8 50 190 0.98 Glycol NO3−−N 7.0 5.5 6100 50 275 1.68 NO2−−N 3.5 2.7 50 135 0.82 Glycerol NO3−−N 7.0 5.7 13350 50 285 3.80 NO2−−N 4.0 3.3 50 165 2.20 Glucose NO3−−N 8.0 7.6 3690 50 380 1.40 NO2−−N 4.0 3.8 50 190 0.70 Note: The prices of chemicals were used according to www.1688.com (November 2021).
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