小麦赤霉病新型复合天然抑菌剂的制备及其在小麦胚芽鞘上的验证

张晋东; 白维祯; 夏玮; 张文清

doi:10.14135/j.cnki.1006-3080.20220124003

小麦赤霉病新型复合天然抑菌剂的制备及其在小麦胚芽鞘上的验证

doi: 10.14135/j.cnki.1006-3080.20220124003

1.
华东理工大学化学与分子工程学院, 上海 200237
2.
中国科学院分子植物科学卓越创新中心, 上海 200032

基金项目: 中国科学院重点资助项目

详细信息

作者简介:
张晋东（1996—），男，河北人，硕士生，研究方向为天然产物的应用，E-mail：ecust_zhjd@163.com

通讯作者:
张文清，E-mail：zhwqing@ecust.edu.cn

中图分类号: O629.5
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- 文章访问数: 32
- HTML全文浏览量: 16
- PDF下载量: 2
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-05-07

Preparation of A Novel Natural Compound Fungicide against Fusarium graminearum and its Verification on Wheat Coleoptiles

1.
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
2.
Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China

摘要

摘要: 比较了肉桂醛、柠檬醛、香芹酚、芳樟醇、百里香酚、薄荷醇、紫苏醇对小麦赤霉病菌的体外抑菌效果，并进一步将香芹酚和百里香酚组合成新型复合天然抑菌剂。结果显示，当香芹酚和百里香酚质量比为1∶2时，抑菌剂对小麦赤霉病菌的体外抑制效果最佳，二者间具有协同作用。制备的抑菌剂能够改变病原菌细胞膜的通透性并显著抑制被侵染小麦胚芽鞘上病斑的生长。本文为开发具有精准功效的复合天然农药提供了理论指导和实用参考。
- 植物精油 /
- 小麦赤霉病菌 /
- 抑菌活性 /
- 抑菌剂 /
- 小麦胚芽鞘
Abstract: Antifungal effects of 7 different active components from plant essential oils (including cinnamaldehyde, citral, carvacrol, linalool, thymol, menthol, perillyl alcohol) against Fusarium graminearum (F.g.) were compared by the method of inhibiting mycelial growth in vitro. Citral, carvacrol, and thymol were selected due to their lower EC₅₀ values and formed a compound with each other, respectively. The compound composed of carvacrol and thymol was considered the most excellent paring with the best inhibitory effect against F.g. in vitro. Additionally, the mass ratio of carvacrol and thymol in the compound was optimized and finalized the formulation of natural compound fungicide. Results showed that when the mass ratio of carvacrol and thymol was 1∶2, the fungicide had the best antifungal effect against F.g. and the synergistic index (S.I.) is 1.45, which showed a synergistic effect. The possible antifungal mechanisms of carvacrol and thymol compound were also analyzed. The prepared natural compound fungicide could change the permeability of F.g.’s cell membrane, reflected by the change in conductivity. Furthermore, the effects of the prepared natural compounded fungicide on wheat coleoptiles against F.g. were studied. It could significantly inhibit the growth of lesions on wheat coleoptiles. When fungicide, which concentration was 200 μg·mL⁻¹, was administered to wheat coleoptiles infected by F.g., the control rate of the protective group and the curative group were 79.08 % and 84.54 %, respectively. This research provided theoretical guidance for developing natural compound fungicides with precise efficacy. The possibility of further application of active components of plant essential oils has also been discussed.
- Essential oil /
- Fusarium graminearum /
- Antifungal activity /
- Fungicide /
- Wheat coleoptile

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图 1 复合天然抑菌剂配方筛选结果；小写字母a~d表示显著性差异（p<0.05）.

Figure 1. Inhibitory effects on F.g. about different formulas; a~d means significant difference at p<0.05.

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图 2 上清液电导率值的变化；数据点附近的字母表示显著性差异（p<0.05），其中大写字母表示同时间不同浓度之间的差异，小写字母表示同浓度不同时间之间的差异；C.K.表示空白对照组。

Figure 2. Changes of conductivity of supernatant due to natural compound fungicides. Letters near each data indicate significant differences at p<0.05, where uppercase letters indicate differences between concentrations at the same time, lowercase letters indicate the difference between times at the same concentration. C.K. means blank control.

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图 3 新型复合天然抑菌剂对侵染小麦胚芽鞘的保护效果（A），治疗效果（B）及统计性分析（C）;小写字母a~d表示显著性差异（p<0.05）；C.K.表示空白对照组。

Figure 3. Protective (A), curative activity (B) and statistical analysis (C) of natural compound fungicide against F.g. on wheat coleoptiles. a~d means significant difference at p<0.05. C.K. means blank control.

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表 1 七种植物精油活性成分对F.g.的体外相对抑菌率 (%)

Table 1. Inhibitory effects of 7 active components from plant essential oils against F.g. (%) in vitro

	Cinnamaldehyde	Citral	Carvacrol	Linalool	Thymol	Menthol	Perillyl Alcohol
R	95.3±1.4	98.3±0.5	100.0±0.0	62.3±2.9	100.0±0.0	100.0±0.0	94.7±0.2

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表 2 不同浓度植物精油活性成分对F.g.的抑制效果

Table 2. Inhibitory effects of active components from plant essential oils at different concentrations

Component	Equation	r	EC₅₀/(μg·mL⁻¹)	95% C.I./(μg·mL⁻¹)
Cinnamaldehyde	y=0.006x−0.938	0.968	166.7	94.8~273.3
Citral	y=0.007x−0.851	0.988	126.3	107.8~145.5
Carvacrol	y=0.016x−0.731	0.995	45.3	37.1~53.3
Thymol	y=0.018x−1.302	0.985	70.6	63.2~79.1
Menthol	y=0.010x−1.790	0.999	176.1	160.7~194.3
Perillyl Alcohol	y=0.007x−1.368	0.993	189.5	170.8~210.9
*95 % C.I. indicates 95 % Confidence Interval

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表 3 复合天然抑菌剂配方优化及作用特征

Table 3. Natural compound fungicide formula optimization results and S.I. for F.g.

m(carvacrol)∶ m(thymol)	Equation	r	M_m		M_t	S.I.
m(carvacrol)∶ m(thymol)	Equation	r	EC₅₀	95 % C.I.	M_t	S.I.
3∶1	y=0.029x−1.673	0.996	57.1	52.2~62.9	49.8	0.87
2∶1	y=0.018x−0.990	0.997	54.8	47.9~63.1	51.4	0.94
1∶1	y=0.024x−1.248	0.986	52.2	46.7~58.5	55.2	1.06
1∶2	y=0.021x−0.881	0.993	41.2	35.6~47.4	59.6	1.45
1∶3	y=0.021x−0.907	0.997	42.4	36.8~48.6	62.0	1.46
*95 % C.I. indicates 95 % Confidence Interval；The unit of M_m & M_t are μg·mL⁻¹

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表 4 新型复合天然抑菌剂对侵染小麦胚芽鞘上病斑长度的控制率

Table 4. Lesion length and its control rate of natural compound fungicide against F.g. on wheat coleoptiles

Fungicide Concentration/ (μg·mL⁻¹)	Protective Activity		Curative Activity
Fungicide Concentration/ (μg·mL⁻¹)	Lesion Length/(cm)	Control Rate/(%)	Lesion Length/(cm)	Control Rate/(%)
50	0.83±0.09 a	42.84 c	0.79±0.09 a	45.77 c
100	0.60±0.04 b	58.69 b	0.56±0.07 b	61.58 b
200	0.30±0.06 c	79.08 a	0.23±0.08 c	84.54 a
*Lowercase letters in each column indicate significant differences at p<0.05.

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