Exploration on the Application of Nano-Sized Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brush Membrane Antiscalant in Wastewater Treatment
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摘要: 采用反渗透膜处理法处理废水过程中膜表面极易结垢，大大缩短了反渗透膜的使用寿命，降低了废水处理效率。为了延长反渗透膜的使用寿命，往往要加入相应的膜阻垢剂，膜阻垢剂的好坏直接影响着废水处理的效果及效率。纳米球形聚电解质刷是一类具有核壳结构的高分子组装体，在静电作用和道南效应影响下纳米球形聚电解质刷具有选择性吸附反离子及抑制无机盐结晶的特性，可以作为膜阻垢剂应用于废水处理。本文采用光乳液聚合法合成了阴离子型纳米球形聚电解质刷，并发现它是一种性能优异的膜阻垢剂，阻垢性能优于行业中最好的进口阻垢剂ASD-200及MDC-220。通过动态评估实验研究了纳米球形聚电解质刷对CaCO3、CaSO4、Al3+离子的阻垢性能以及阻垢剂浓度对阻垢效果的影响，为其在工业废水处理中的实际应用提供了重要的参考依据。Abstract: In the process of using reverse osmosis membrane method to treat wastewater, the surface of membrane is easily scaled, which shortens the service life of membrane and reduces the efficiency of wastewater treatment. Corresponding membrane antiscalant are usually used to prolong the service life of reverse osmosis membrane, the quality of membrane antiscalant directly affects the effectiveness and efficiency of wastewater treatment. Nano-sized spherical polyelectrolyte brush is a kind of polymer assembly with core-shell structure, under the influence of static electricity and Donnan effect, has the characteristics of selectively adsorbing counter ions and inhibiting the crystallization of inorganic salts. Therefore, nano-sized spherical polyelectrolyte brush can be used in scale inhibition of membrane systems for wastewater treatment. The nano-sized spherical polyelectrolyte brush was prepared by photo-emulsion polymerization as a great membrane antiscalant shows excellent scale inhibition performance than the best imported membrane antiscalant ASD-200 and MDC-220. Nano-sized spherical polyelectrolyte brush’s scale inhibition performance on CaCO3, CaSO4, Al3+ and the influence of mass concentration evaluated by dynamic evaluation experiment. The results provide an important reference for its practical application in industrial wastewater treatment.
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图 1 动态阻垢性能评价装置：（a）动态阻垢性能评价装置示意图（b）动态阻垢性能评价装置实物图
Figure 1. Evaluation equipment of reverse osmosis membrane antiscalant
1-Raw water tank; 2-Raw water pump; 3-PP Cotton filter; 4-Activated carbon filter; 5-Ultrafilter; 6-Reverse osmosis membrane
图 2 纳米球形聚电解质刷粒径大小及分布
Figure 2. Size and distribution of nano-sized spherical polyelectrolyte brushes(SPB)
图 3 纳米球形聚电解质刷的TEM图像：（a）PS核的TEM图；（b）SPB的TEM图
Figure 3. TEM images of SPB: (a) TEM image of PS core; (b) TEM image of SPB
图 4 不同阻垢剂样品低硬水质下产水流量随时间的变化
Figure 4. Changes in the flow rate of high-hardness and water with time for various membrane antiscalants
图 5 不同阻垢剂样品高硬水质下产水流量随时间的变化
Figure 5. Changes in the flow rate of low-hardness and high-alkali water with time for various membrane antiscalants
图 6 膜阻垢剂质量浓度对阻垢性能的影响
Figure 6. Influence of mass concentration on scale inhibition performance
图 7 不同阻垢剂样品阻硫酸钙垢实验产水流量随时间的变化
Figure 7. Changes in water flow rate with time in the experiment of inhibiting calcium sulfate scale for various membrane antiscalants
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