改性活性炭及其甲醛净化性能

朱鸣凡; 廖春鑫; 陈爱平; 李春忠

doi:10.14135/j.cnki.1006-3080.20200911005

改性活性炭及其甲醛净化性能

doi: 10.14135/j.cnki.1006-3080.20200911005

华东理工大学材料科学与工程学院，材料生物学与动态化学前沿科学中心，超细材料制备与应用教育部重点实验室，上海多级结构纳米材料工程技术研究中心，上海 200237

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（21838003，91834301）；上海市科技创新项目（18JC1410600，19JC1410400）；上海市教委创新计划、中央高校基础研究基金（222201718002）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱鸣凡（1995—），男，江苏苏州人，硕士生，研究方向为空气污染物治理材料的制备。E-mail：635020684@qq.com

通讯作者:
陈爱平，E-mail：apchen@ecust.edu.cn

中图分类号: X511
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-11
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-27

Modified Activated Carbon and Its Formaldehyde Purification Performance

Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China

摘要

摘要: 经氧化剂与亲核加成剂分步复合改性后，制得改性活性炭。通过BET比表面积测试法分析测定活性炭比表面积和孔结构等参数。以甲醛作为模型污染物，测试改性活性炭对空气中甲醛的净化性能。结果表明，通过先氧化剂后亲核加成剂的分步复合改性后，活性炭对甲醛的快速净化效率显著提高，而通过先亲核加成剂后氧化剂的分步复合改性后，活性炭表现出优异的长效净化效果。活性炭经先浸渍2-咪唑烷酮后浸渍次氯酸钠的分步复合改性后，椰壳活性炭和煤质活性炭对甲醛的长效净化率分别达到94.2%和96.2%。
- 活性炭 /
- 氧化剂 /
- 亲核加成剂 /
- 改性 /
- 甲醛
Abstract: Modified activated carbon was prepared by stepwise composite modification in the presence of oxidant and nucleophilic addition reagent. The specific surface area and pore structure of the activated carbon were measured by N₂ adsorption-desorption (BET). Formaldehyde was used as a model pollutant to test the purification performance of the modified activated carbon. The results showed that the stepwise composite modification, first with the oxidant, and then the nucleophilic addition reagent, could significantly improved the fast purification efficiency of activated carbon for formaldehyde. In contrast, the stepwise composite modification, first with the nucleophilic addition reagent, and then with the oxidant, showed an excellent long-term purification effect. After the activated carbon was impregnated first with 2-imidazolidinone followed by treatment with sodium hypochlorite in a stepwise manner, the long-term purification efficiency of formaldehyde with coconut shell and coal-based activated carbon reached 94.2% and 96.2%, respectively.
- activated carbon /
- oxidant /
- nucleophilic addition reagent /
- modification /
- formaldehyde

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图 1 单一氧化剂或单一亲核加成剂改性活性炭N₂吸附-脱附等温曲线

Figure 1. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isothermal curves of different kinds of activated carbon modified by oxidant or nucleophilic addition reagent separately

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图 2 单一氧化剂或亲核加成剂改性活性炭的甲醛净化性能

Figure 2. Formaldehyde purification performance of activated carbon modified by oxidant or nucleophilic addition reagent separately

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图 3 亲核加成剂与氧化剂混合改性活性炭的甲醛净化性能

Figure 3. Formaldehyde purification performance of activated carbon modified by the mixture of nucleophilic addition reagent and oxidant

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图 4 亲核加成剂与氧化剂复合改性活性炭的甲醛净化性能

Figure 4. Formaldehyde purification performance of activated carbon modified by nucleophilic addition reagent and oxidant in different combination way

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图 5 活性炭改性前后甲醛长效净化性能

Figure 5. Long-term formaldehyde purification performance of activated carbon before and after modification

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图 6 亲核加成剂与氧化剂改性活性炭净化甲醛的机理

Figure 6. Formaldehyde purification mechanism of active carbon modified by nucleophilic addition reagent and oxidant

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表 1 不同种类氧化剂溶液

Table 1. Different kinds of oxidant solutions

Serial number	Oxidant	c/(mol·L⁻¹)
1	Sodium hypochlorite	0.5
2	Sodium chlorate	0.5
3	Hydrogen peroxide (w=30%)	0.5
4	Sodium perborate, Monohydrate	0.2

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表 2 单一氧化剂或单一亲核加成剂改性活性炭的比表面积及孔结构参数

Table 2. Specific area and pore textural parameters of activated carbon modified by oxidant or nucleophilic addition reagent separately

Sample	S_BET/（m²·g⁻¹）	V_mic/（cm³·g⁻¹）	V_meso/（cm³·g⁻¹）	V_tot/（cm³·g⁻¹）	d/nm
YK	238.8	0.088	0.031	0.119	2.123
YK-Y-1	195.3	0.072	0.038	0.110	2.344
YK-Y-2	158.5	0.058	0.025	0.083	2.197
YK-Y-3	229.1	0.086	0.031	0.117	2.238
YK-Y-4	181.9	0.070	0.021	0.091	2.104
YK-Q	181.2	0.061	0.033	0.094	2.217
MZ	284.4	0.098	0.074	0.172	2.488
MZ-Y-1	189.6	0.063	0.054	0.117	2.473
MZ-Y-2	256.4	0.084	0.068	0.152	2.487
MZ-Y-3	322.9	0.109	0.084	0.193	2.496
MZ-Y-4	292.2	0.097	0.072	0.169	2.378
MZ-Q	278.3	0.092	0.080	0.172	2.546

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表 3 亲核加成剂与氧化剂混合改性活性炭的比表面积及孔结构参数

Table 3. Specific area and pore textural parameters of activated carbon modified by the mixture of nucleophilic addition reagent and oxidant

Sample	S_BET/（m²·g⁻¹）	V_mic/（cm³·g⁻¹）	V_meso/（cm³·g⁻¹）	V_tot/（cm³·g⁻¹）	d/nm
YK	238.8	0.088	0.031	0.119	2.123
YK-YQ-1	139.1	0.049	0.026	0.075	2.237
YK-YQ-2	174.0	0.058	0.034	0.092	2.245
YK-YQ-3	279.0	0.104	0.041	0.145	2.237
YK-YQ-4	180.2	0.065	0.028	0.093	2.197
MZ	284.3	0.098	0.074	0.172	2.488
MZ-YQ-1	112.3	0.034	0.036	0.070	2.493
MZ-YQ-2	198.7	0.058	0.066	0.124	2.553
MZ-YQ-3	302.3	0.104	0.075	0.179	2.469
MZ-YQ-4	260.8	0.082	0.075	0.157	2.467

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表 4 亲核加成剂与氧化剂分步复合改性活性炭的比表面积及孔结构参数

Table 4. Specific area and pore textural parameters of activated carbon modified by nucleophilic addition reagent and oxidant in different combination way

Sample	S_BET/（m²·g⁻¹）	V_mic/（cm³·g⁻¹）	V_meso/（cm³·g⁻¹）	V_tot/（cm³·g⁻¹）	d/nm
YK	238.8	0.088	0.031	0.119	2.123
YK-Q-Y	174.4	0.061	0.030	0.091	2.208
YK-Y-Q	104.8	0.038	0.018	0.056	2.200
YK-YQ-1	139.1	0.049	0.026	0.075	2.237
MZ	284.4	0.098	0.074	0.172	2.488
MZ-Q-Y	287.8	0.094	0.074	0.168	2.401
MZ-Y-Q	252.0	0.081	0.063	0.144	2.370
MZ-YQ-1	112.3	0.034	0.036	0.070	2.493

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