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    一种双基线多目立体视觉相机的视差融合方法

    A Disparity Fusion Method for a Dual-Baseline Multi-Camera Stereo Vision System

    • 摘要: 针对传统双目立体视觉在部分弱纹理区域识别困难及大距离跨度场景下难以同时兼顾测距精度与结果完整性的问题,开发了一套双基线多目立体视觉相机平台,该平台由左右支路与左上支路两组相机构成,两支路共享同源左相机,形成不同基线方向的两个视差;然后提出一种多视差融合方法,针对双基线多视差融合的问题,从配准与融合两个层面开展研究:首先,通过解析配准方法实现双基线视差结果的空间对齐;其次,结合双基线视差在不同距离的优势,构建多视差融合模型。结果表明,解析配准方法显著提高双基线视差结果的边缘重合率以及降低平均边缘距离,有效改善视差结果空间一致性;构建的多视差融合模型使得该立体视觉相机平台测距精度在2 m范围内精度误差基本小于0.5%,在4 m范围内小于2%,在12 m范围内小于5%,实现了较高水平的测距精度,并且融合结果可以有效提升在部分弱纹理和遮挡场景下的视差完整性。

       

      Abstract: To address the difficulties of conventional binocular stereo vision in recognizing some weak-texture regions and in simultaneously ensuring ranging accuracy and result completeness in scenes with large depth variations, a dual-baseline multi-camera stereo vision platform is developed. The platform consists of a left-right branch and a left-top branch, which share the same left camera and generate two disparity maps with different baseline directions. A multi-disparity fusion method is then proposed for the dual-baseline disparity fusion problem from two aspects: registration and fusion. First, an analytical registration method is used to achieve spatial alignment of the dual-baseline disparity results. Second, a multi-disparity fusion model is constructed by exploiting the advantages of the two baselines at different distances. The experimental results show that the analytical registration method significantly increases the edge overlap rate and reduces the mean edge distance of the dual-baseline disparity results, thereby effectively improving the spatial consistency of the disparity maps. The proposed multi-disparity fusion model enables the stereo vision platform to achieve ranging errors generally below 0.5% within 2 m, below 2% within 4 m, and below 5% within 12 m, indicating a high level of ranging accuracy. In addition, the fused results effectively improve disparity completeness in some weak-texture and occluded scenes.

       

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