Abstract: Aiming to explore the promoting effects of rhBMP-2 on aplastic anemia mice bone marrow hematopoietic recovery,we built the hematopoietic injury model by 5-FU and busulfan with the interventional treatment of rhBMP-2.We analysed the number of mice peripheral white blood cells,bone marrow mononuclear cells,BM CD34⁺ cells,weight index,survival rate,spleen coefficient,CFU-GM colony as well as the HE sections of femur and spleen tissue.The results showed that rhBMP-2 can improve the index of peripheral white blood cell amount,mice survival rates,CFU-GM colony number,the bone marrow mononuclear cells number and CD34⁺ cells ratio;rhBMP-2 can also improve the function of the spleen and reduce bone marrow suppression compared with the AA control group.All results above confirmed that rhBMP-2 can effectively promote the restoration of hematopoietic injury in aplastic anemia mice.